The present paper aims at revisiting the Slavic paroemiology as a linguistic science, from the perspective of new trends, generally accepted scientific and linguistic methods, and approaches to its interpretation in the language structure via the descriptive way of theoretical approaches. The challenges for the contemporary linguistics may be found with the novices in contemporary paroemiological studies, ethnolinguistic and linguocultural bases of paroemia research, and paroemiology in a paradigmatic context. The paper is a purely analytical research into the development of theoretical foundations of Slavic paroemiology. It is revealed what are the main general approaches to contemporary understanding of paroemiology in terms of traditions and innovations, and in fact in the context of paradigmatic determinism. It is believed that the study of Slavic paroemiology should be based on the multipolar plane of scientific ideas, schools and areas of contemporary linguistics and on identifying priorities in modern language science, taking into account the established trends and outlining the prospects for further development of paroemiological research.  Slavic paroemiology as a modern linguistic branch specializes in the interpretation of ethnolinguistic phenomena in terms of ethnolinguistics and linguocultural studies, in the light of the theories of the linguistic picture of the world and ethnoconsciousness, the paradigm approach, and in particular, the structure of the linguistic macroparadigm, which is based on the anthropocentrism of language.