The paper concerns the paradigmatic approach in the philosophy of education. In the introductory part, the author considers the possibility to apply Kuhn’s concept of “paradigm” to education. The paper also defines the concept of an educational paradigm. According to J. Dewey, P. Freire, and other prominent educators, two main paradigms can be distinguished in the philosophy of education: the teacher-centred and the learner-centred. The second section is dedicated to the characteristic of teacher-centred paradigm. The third section outlines the main features of the learner-centred paradigm. Then, the author considers several philosophical ideas and concepts that shape a person’s worldview principles. They are the following: four-dimensional ontology, constructivist epistemology, agency, personal identity, and the narrative approach to identity and cognition.